The whole world is shaking with the threat of obesity. Because of the latest data of the World Health Organization state that the number of obese people in the world is more than the number of people facing nutritional deficiencies. This shows that obesity is spreading in many countries of the world just like an epidemic disease. Obesity brings with it a complicated health problem and many chronic diseases. We prepared our obesity file for you.
It is defined as the increase in the amount of fat in the body compared to the lean tissue and therefore the bodyweight to be higher than the desired limits. The most common obesity classification is body mass index (BKI). You can calculate your BKI and ideal weight in the "calculations" section.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF OBESITY?
The main cause of obesity is the disruption of the body's energy balance.
ENERGY BALANCE:
The energy we receive to our body through nutrients must be in balance with the energy that our body consumes. When balance is impaired, fatigue or weakening occurs. If the amount of energy we get into our body is more than the energy we spend during the day, a positive energy balance is formed, which is the main reason for the occurrence of obesity. If the energy we take is less than the energy we spend, a negative energy balance occurs. Negative energy balance also leads to weakening.
Energy expenditure in the body takes place in several ways:
- Basal Metabolic Rate: It is the energy that our body uses to sustain its life. It constitutes the biggest part of daily energy expenditure (60-65%).
- Thermogenesis: Foods have a thermal effect, and this thermal effect of food makes up about 10% of our daily energy expenditure.
- Physical Activity: All the activities we do throughout the day and activities such as exercise and sports provide energy expenditure with physical activity. This constitutes approximately 25-30% of our daily energy expenditure.
NUTRITION: Unbalanced nutrition is a risk factor for the development of obesity. Daily energy intake is provided with nutrients and excessive energy intake causes a positive energy balance. It is known that people's daily energy consumption has increased as a result of increasing food variety in the last roads. Individuals' fat consumption has also increased and there has been a tendency towards saturated fat consumption. Considering that the consumption of alcohol has increased gradually in the last century, it is obvious that people are getting more energy and eating more unbalanced than in the past.
GENETIC EFFECTS: The amount and distribution of adipose tissue in the body are thought to be affected by genetic factors. However, the fact that obesity is becoming more and more common in genetically stable societies shows that it has important effects on obesity in its environmental factors.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL: Physical activity is an important part of energy expenditure and it is the easiest way to make a change. The more active the individual, the more energy he consumes. Increased car use in recent years, the choice of stairs instead of elevators, the decrease in the number of active sports - now this number is rising again - is one of the reasons why obesity is so common. We can realize how much we have restricted our movements and reinstated them with minor changes, especially considering the fact that we are doing online even with the development of technology.
SOME PERIODS IN HUMAN LIFE: It is thought that the risk of developing obesity is higher in some periods in human life from the prenatal period to death.
** It was observed that the birth weight and body fat rates of the babies of obese mothers or mothers who gained excess weight during pregnancy could be higher.
** Babies of mothers with gestational diabetes or mothers with diabetes may be born more heavily than other mothers.
** There is a risk of developing obesity in the age of 0-1 or childhood.
** Excess weight gained during pregnancy may increase the risk of the mother becoming obese after pregnancy.
** Weight gain due to hormonal changes may be observed in women during menopause.
SOME DISEASES: Some genetic syndromes (Prader-Willi etc.) can cause obesity. In addition, obesity is more likely in the thyroid gland not working properly (hypothyroidism), polycystic ovarian syndrome, and some pancreatic diseases.
SOME INCREASING AND REDUCING FACTORS: Food intake, appetite, and satiety are affected or decreased by some factors. These factors include hormones, the nervous system food pattern, and the type of food consumed. Appetite, hunger, and satiety mechanisms in our body can directly affect our food intake and indirectly on our body weight.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS: Some nutritional disorders such as obstructive eating syndrome and night eating syndrome may increase the risk of obesity. Some individuals consume more nutrients during their emotional or irritable periods. Such factors can predispose to the formation of obesity. Some of the articles we read, books, or some of the advertisements we watch can affect our psychology and increase our food consumption and energy intake. Although these effects have not been fully proven, they are thought to be effective.
WHAT ARE THE HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT MAY HAVE OBESITY?
1) Obesity can cause an unhealthy heart and an unhealthy circulatory system: Obesity is known to increase the risks of heart disease, hypertension, heart attack. Especially in women, obesity is the third most important reason that increases the risk of heart disease.
2) Obesity may increase the risk of some types of cancer: Obesity; It is known that it increases the risk of breast, ovarian and uterus in women and large intestine, prostate, and rectum cancer in men.
3) Obesity may increase the risk of osteoarthritis: One of the most known harms of obesity is that it causes wear on the joints, especially the knees. This may increase the risk of osteoarthritis in the future. While the amount of fat accumulated in the abdomen is a more important risk factor in heart diseases, the risk of osteoarthritis increases when the amount of fat in the body is more than it should be.
4) Obesity may cause gallstones: In obese individuals, the risk of gallstone formation may increase in these individuals because the amount of cholesterol in the gallbladder is higher than the amount of bile acid.
5) Obesity can narrow your breathing: In obese individuals, respiratory distress and sleep apnea (interruption of breathing in sleep for a certain period of time) or snoring are common health problems.
6) Obesity can cause problems with the reproductive system: Obesity is thought to cause changes in hormonal balance in women and men and, accordingly, may affect reproductive health.
7) Obesity can cause some problems during the pregnancy process: In pregnant pregnant women, the risk of some pregnancy-related illnesses is higher than in women with normal weight.
8) Obesity can also affect psychology: Social pressure on slimming from the environment or self-dislike due to the person's weight may increase the risk of depression in obese individuals.
Obesity can be avoided by minimizing individual and environmental risk factors. Basic protection is healthy nutrition and active life. Such a life not only protects the individual from obesity but also gives him the opportunity to protect and improve his health.
No comments:
Post a Comment